2.3.2. Human Computers#

Black and white photo of rows of desks. At each desk is a woman with a pile of papers and some sort of large machine with buttons on it, perhaps a calculator.

Before electronic computers were generally available, when scientists wanted the results of some calculations, they sometimes hired “computers,” which were people trained to perform the calculations.

Black and white photo of two rows of women standing for a group photo. They appear to be all white women except one in the center, who is Black (Janez Lawson).

When scientists wanted these human computers to do a task for them, they would give these human computers instructions for what they wanted calculated. These instructions were given in a regular human languages (like English), and in math notation. Then the human computers would send back the results of whatever calculation they had been asked to perform.

But human computers were eventually replaced by electronic computers, and communication with electronic computers was not straightforward.

Learn More#

  • When Computers Were Human

  • https://www.history.com/news/human-computers-women-at-nasa

  • Read the book or watch the movie Hidden Figures